Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), also known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, is a rare and usually fatal viral disease that is characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation (-itis) of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). It occurs almost exclusively in people with severe immune deficiency, e.g. transplant patients on immunosuppressive medications, or AIDS patients.
Disease Process
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
PML is a demyelinating disease, in which the myelin sheath covering the axons of nerve cells is gradually destroyed, impairing the transmission of nerve impulses. It affects the white matter, which is mostly composed of axons from the outermost parts of the brain (cortex). Symptoms include weakness or paralysis, vision loss, impaired speech, and cognitive deterioration. PML destroys oligodendrocytes and produces intranuclear inclusions. PML is similar to another demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, but since it destroys the cells that produce myelin (unlike MS, in which myelin itself is attacked but can be replaced), it progresses much more quickly. The median survival of patients with PML as a complication of AIDS is 6 months. In 10% of patients, survival exceeds 12 months. The longest reported survival is 11 years and 9months from the onset of illness.
Diagnosis
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
PML is diagnosed by testing for JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid or in a brain biopsy specimen. Characteristic evidence of the damage caused by PML in the brain can also be detected on MRI images.
Treatment
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
There is no known cure. In some cases, the disease slows or stops if the patient's immune system improves; some AIDS patients with PML have been able to survive for several years, with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Speak to a Lawyer
If you or someone you love is experiencing severe side effects from the use of Raptiva, please contact your doctor immediately for a full evaluation. If you would like to have more information regarding your legal rights, please fill out our free legal evaluation form on the right. Only a little information is required, but the more information you share with our law firm the more detailed our answers will be in addressing your specific concerns. Please keep in mind that certain states have a statute of limitations that limits the amount of time you have to file a lawsuit or seek legal action. Contact our law firm immediately so we may explain the rights and options available to you and your family.
